Evidence regarding the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among people with disabilities (PwDs) is scarce.
This study investigated the association of disability status with the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test positivity and the risk of major adverse clinical outcomes among participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
This study included all patients (n=8070) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and individuals without COVID-19 (n=121,050) in South Korea from January 1 to May 30, 2020. The study variables included officially registered disability status from the government, SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, and major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death).
The study participants included 129,120 individuals (including 7261 PwDs), of whom 8070 (6.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, PwDs had an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity compared with people without disabilities (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.48). Among participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, PwDs were associated with an increased risk of major adverse clinical outcomes from COVID-19 compared to those without disabilities (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.86).
PwDs had an increased risk of COVID-19 and major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 compared with people without disabilities. Given the higher vulnerability of PwDs to COVID-19, tailored policy and management to protect against the risk of COVID-19 are required.
PwDs had an increased risk of COVID-19 and major adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 compared with people without disabilities. Given the higher vulnerability of PwDs to COVID-19, tailored policy and management to protect against the risk of COVID-19 are required.Existing research has primarily focused on weight as the outcome of interest for bariatric surgery; however, patients frequently report other lifestyle and interpersonal surgery motivations and goals. Understanding the spectrum of bariatric surgery goals and motivations has important implications for enhancing patient-centered care and surgery outcomes.
The current study characterized the nature of bariatric patient motivations and goals for surgery, described the extent to which motivations matched goals, and examined whether men and women differed in the specific motivations/goals described.
Teaching hospital, United States METHODS Data were obtained via retrospective chart review of bariatric patient responses to the clinic's standard open-ended questions about motivations and goals for bariatric surgery. A mixed method approach was used, including content analysis, to identify themes and χ/t test analyses to test gender differences.
Surgery motivations and outcome goals were reflected by 8 overarching and overlapping themes. The most common motivations were related to general health and quality of life. The most common goals were to improve health/longevity and mobility. Over a quarter of patients showed no overlap between motivations and goals. Few gender differences were observed.
Findings underscore the importance of goals beyond weight loss, as well as the utility of helping patients shape their goals in accordance with goal-setting theories. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021;XXXX-XXX.) © 2021 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
Findings underscore the importance of goals beyond weight loss, as well as the utility of helping patients shape their goals in accordance with goal-setting theories. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021;XXXX-XXX.) © 2021 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.The clinical prognosis of outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains difficult to predict, with outcomes including asymptomatic, hospitalization, intubation, and death. Here we determined the prognostic value of an outpatient chest radiograph, together with an ensemble of deep learning algorithms predicting comorbidities and airspace disease to identify patients at a higher risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 infection.
This retrospective study included outpatients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing who received an ambulatory chest radiography between March 17, 2020 and October 24, 2020. In this study, full admission was defined as hospitalization within 14 days of the COVID-19 test for &gt; 2 days with supplemental oxygen. Univariate analysis and machine learning algorithms were used to evaluate the relationship between the deep learning model predictions and hospitalization for &gt; 2 days.
The study included 413 patients, 222 men (54%), with a median age of 51 years (interquartile range, 39-62 years). Fifty-one patients (12.3%) required full admission. A boosted decision tree model produced the best prediction. Variables included patient age, frontal chest radiograph predictions of morbid obesity, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, and radiographic opacity, with an internally validated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.837 (95% CI 0.791-0.883) on a test cohort.
Deep learning analysis of single frontal chest radiographs was used to generate combined comorbidity and pneumonia scores that predict the need for supplemental oxygen and hospitalization for &gt; 2 days in patients with COVID-19 infection with an AUC of 0.837 (95% confidence interval 0.791-0.883). Comorbidity scoring may prove useful in other clinical scenarios.2 days in patients with COVID-19 infection with an AUC of 0.837 (95% confidence interval 0.791-0.883). Comorbidity scoring may prove useful in other clinical scenarios.Medication literacy reflects the specific literacy skills necessary to act on medication-related information. A comprehensive and clear conceptual model that reflects medication literacy is lacking. Conceptual models describe the components that represent a construct, allowing for its understanding and providing a rationale for its measurement.
To propose a conceptual model to support the development of an instrument to measure medication literacy.
This is a three-phase methodological study. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/harringtonine.html A literature review was conducted to identify the components that should be part of the preliminary conceptual model. Subsequently, the importance of its components was judged on a Likert-5 scale. Then, the model was refined, and the dimensions and subdimensions of medication literacy were defined.
Forty-five experts were included, with a mean age of 39.9 (SD=10.5) years, most of them females (86.7%) and pharmacists (80%). All components of the preliminary conceptual model were considered important to extremely important by most experts.